Reducing greenhouse gases will be required to avoid irreversible effects climate-change has had on coral reefs.
We will need to monitor climate change and ocean acidification, and project their impacts on ecological and human systems.
We need to develop ways to address these impacts that support local, national, and international policy.
As well as take urgent actions to reduce the impact of elevated greenhouse gases on coral reef ecosystems.
Fishing impacts in coral reef areas, is ecologically unsustainable, and has lead to the depletion of key functional fish species in many locations.
Minimizing negative fishing impacts throughout coral reef ecosystems is critical to revitalizing and protecting coral reef resources for current and future generations.
Problems facing coral reef ecosystems from land-based sources of pollution is broad and includes sediment, nutrients, and other pollutants, originating from a variety of land-based activities, that are transported in surface waters, runoff, groundwater seepage, and atmospheric deposition into coastal waters.
Controlling land-based sources of pollution through watershed management takes a concerted effort by all parties including local, state, federal and non-governmental organizations.
Practices might include voluntary or regulatory activities on agricultural, public, private, urban or protected lands
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